Speed limits, alcohol, compulsory equipment and vignettes in 36 European countries.
| Country | Seat belts and child seats |
|---|---|
| Albania | The driver and all passengers must wear seat belts. We have not confirmed the rules for carrying children in official sources – carry children in a child seat suited to their height and weight. |
| Austria | Everyone wears a seat belt – front and back. Children travel in child seats or on booster seats suited to their height. If any passenger isn’t buckled up, you face high fines – as the driver, you are responsible. |
| Belgium | Everyone wears a seat belt. Children under 135 cm travel in child seats suited to their height and weight. The only exception is short trips with children aged 3 and over in the back seat with a seat belt when a child seat won’t fit – don’t plan your trip that way. |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | A child under 12 may not travel in the front seat. A child under 5 may travel in the back only in a secured child seat. A person under the influence of alcohol or drugs may not sit in the front either. Always wear your seat belt. |
| Bulgaria | Seat belts and child seats are compulsory. Exceptions apply to, among others, pregnant women and people whose health doesn’t allow them to wear a seat belt. |
| Croatia | Seat belts and child seats are compulsory. Only medical reasons exempt you from wearing a seat belt. |
| Cyprus | Seat belts are compulsory in the front and back. Children travel in EU-approved child seats suited to their weight, age and height. |
| Czech Republic | Everyone wears a seat belt, in every seat. A child under 150 cm and 36 kg travels in a child seat or on a booster seat suited to their height. |
| Denmark | Everyone must wear a seat belt. Children travel in child seats suited to their height and weight. The exceptions (e.g. taxis, a child over 3 occasionally travelling in the back seat with a seat belt) are narrow – in everyday driving a child seat is a must. |
| Estonia | The driver and all passengers must wear seat belts. A child up to 3 travels in a child seat – in the front seat only rear-facing. Children up to 12 may sit in the front or back only in a suitable child seat (according to the Polish MFA). |
| Finland | Everyone must wear a seat belt, also in the back. A child shorter than 135 cm may travel only in a child car seat. |
| France | Everyone must wear a seat belt; children travel in child seats suited to their height and weight. |
| Germany | Everyone wears a seat belt. Children travel in child seats (child restraint systems) – this is compulsory. If a third child seat won’t fit in the car, a child over 3 may travel in the back with a normal seat belt. |
| Greece | Always wear your seat belt – in the front and in the back. Children must travel in child seats or other restraint systems – it’s compulsory. Not wearing a seat belt can mean a high fine and losing your licence (new Highway Code since September 2025). |
| Hungary | Everyone must wear a seat belt – in the front and in the back. Children shorter than 150 cm travel in a child seat suited to their weight and height, and up to 135 cm – in a child seat in the back. Children 135–150 cm tall may travel in the back without a child seat if the seat belt fits properly. A child under 3 may not travel in the front if a child seat cannot be fitted there. |
| Ireland | Everyone wears a seat belt – front and rear. Children travel in a child seat or on a booster seat suited to their height and weight (you only stop needing a child seat at about 150 cm in height or 36 kg). |
| Italy | Everyone wears a seat belt – front and back. Children travel in child seats or booster seats suited to their height and weight. A child up to 12 years old or shorter than 150 cm must sit on a booster seat that lets the seat belt be fastened properly. According to the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, such a booster seat may only be fitted on the back seat. |
| Latvia | The driver and all passengers wear seat belts. Children shorter than 150 cm travel in a suitable child seat or on a booster seat. |
| Liechtenstein | Everyone wears a seat belt. Children travel in a child seat or on a booster seat – the requirement only ends once the child is over 14 and taller than 150 cm (according to Your Europe). |
| Lithuania | Everyone wears a seat belt, including in the back. Children up to 135 cm tall travel in a child seat suited to their height and weight. |
| Luxembourg | Everyone wears a seat belt, and children travel in child seats suited to their height and weight. |
| Malta | Seat belts are compulsory for everyone. Children up to 12 must wear a seat belt or sit in a child seat; a child shorter than 135 cm travels in a child seat, booster seat or booster cushion suited to their weight. |
| Montenegro | A child under 12 may not travel in the front seat (nor may a drunk person). A child under 5 must travel in a special child seat. Always wear your seat belt. |
| Netherlands | Everyone wears a seat belt, and children travel in child seats suited to their height and weight. Exemptions include passengers on buses with standing room. |
| North Macedonia | We have not confirmed the detailed rules (seat belts, child seats) in official sources. Always wear your seat belt and carry children in a child seat. |
| Norway | Everyone wears a seat belt, in every seat. Children may only travel in child seats or other restraints suited to their height and weight. |
| Poland | Everyone wears a seat belt – front and back. A child shorter than 150 cm travels in a child seat suited to their height and weight. Exception: a child at least 135 cm tall may travel in the back with just the seat belt if a third child seat won’t fit. Don’t fit a rear-facing child seat in the front if the passenger airbag is switched on. |
| Portugal | Seat belts are compulsory for all passengers. Children travel in a child seat suited to their height and weight. |
| Romania | Seat belts and child seats are compulsory. Those exempt from wearing a seat belt include pregnant women and people with medical reasons. |
| Serbia | The driver and all passengers wear seat belts. A child under 12 may not travel in the front – exception: a child up to 3 in a child seat. Anyone shorter than 135 cm travels in an approved child seat. |
| Slovakia | Everyone must wear a seat belt – in the back too. Children shorter than 150 cm travel in a child car seat. If there are already two child seats in the car, a third child may travel in the back with a regular seat belt. |
| Slovenia | Seat belts and child seats are mandatory. Only a medical certificate can exempt you from wearing a seat belt. |
| Spain | Everyone must wear a seat belt. Children travel in a child seat until they are taller than 135 cm – as a rule in the back seat. |
| Sweden | The driver and all passengers must wear seat belts. Children shorter than 135 cm travel in an EU-approved child seat. |
| Switzerland | Everyone must wear a seat belt. Children travel in a child seat or on a booster seat until they turn 12 or are taller than 150 cm. |
| United Kingdom | Seat belts are mandatory in the front and back seats. Children travel in a child seat until they are 12 years old or 135 cm tall (whichever comes first). Rear-facing child seat – until the child is 15 months old; if you fit it in the front, switch off the airbag. |
Remember: Abroad, the rules of the country you are driving in apply – including lower alcohol limits for novice drivers. Road signs take precedence over the values in the table. Vignettes, toll booths and toll-free motorways: motorway tolls and vignettes in Europe.
Sources: European Commission – Your Europe, “Road rules and safety” (data from EU and EEA countries and Switzerland); Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Odyseusz, country profiles (in Polish); German Federal Foreign Office (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia); official national websites (listed for each country). Last updated: September 2026. Rules change – check them on the official websites before you travel.